Overconsumption or Overpopulation Which Is the Bigger of...

Global and Regional Sustainability Over-population or Overconsumption: Which is the bigger of two vices to the progress of sustainability today? In the age, where the collective value of goods and commodities, the strength of economic markets and the accumulated wealth of individuals dictate the ease of life and the standards of living within society; it is imperative that we as a species reiterate to ourselves that the natural resources that enable us to fulfil all our basic needs, fashion all our desirable wants; and provisions the framework on which we build our cities, economies and daily lives remains limited and finite (McMahon, 2001 ; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Board, 2005). The finality of such finite resources demands†¦show more content†¦Comparatively, over-consumption refers to the anthropocentric notion and practice of â€Å"ownership† as well as indiscriminate use of natural resources and the environment for personal benefit and gain; without due regard and concern for the availability of such basic resources and natural services to remain viable in the future as well as for others who may h ave less access to them (Butler, 1994; Goodland amp; Daly, 1998). Over-consumption can be seen to be directly entrenched within the umbrellas of economic and personal wealth as the means to securing the availability of necessacities and resources (Fine et. Al, 1996). Brown amp; Cameron (2000) and Princen (1999) concur that the human-centred notion of priority through purchasability fosters the continued practice of unfair and unsustainable practices; whilst concurrently promoting wastage and disconnectedness between societies and the natural environment. The accelerated rate of natural resources utilised globally, noted against only the slightest marginal increase in economic development witnessed within the developing and underdeveloped regions; suggests that the majority of these key resources are being exploited for the further economic benefit of the developed regions by sheer means of their ability to purchase them from these less developed regions, thus limiting the availabili ty of these resources for

Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways Free Essays

Introduction Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways, but most commonly Leader is a person who influences the thoughts and behaviors of others; a leader is one who establishes the direction for others to willingly follow. One person can serve as a leader or several persons might share leadership. A person may be appointed as leader or may be elected by people within his circle. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leaders play vital role in standardizing performance. Leaders can influence other to perform beyond the expectations. Managers plan, organize, lead and control so that â€Å"leading† and â€Å"managing† are inseparable, they are both integral part of each other. If one do not able to influence and inspire others to work willingly towards aims then all planning and organizing will be ineffective. Similarly setting direction is usually not enough, no matter how inspiring one can be, management skills are crucial. Leaders will simultaneously fill many roles interacting, motivating group members, solving conflicts as they arise. Leaders set vision, strategies, goals, and values in order to guide for desired action and behavior. Leaders are characterized by certain traits which distinguish leaders from non-leaders includes Drive, desire to lead, honesty, cognitive ability, self-confidence and knowledge. Effective leaders must have two major qualities: knowledge and communication competence. Leader needs knowledge of issue and the ways of effectively leading a team. This knowledge will enable leader to identify alternatives available. He also needs to be an effective communicator as equally listener and speaker. Leaders should acquire qualities of flexible, openness, empathetic, courage, interactive, and positive attitude. An effective leader generally values people, listen actively, gives credit to others, have consistent behaviors, admits mistakes, have a sense of humor and above all they set a good example for their followers. I have been working in refractory company called Magnezit in Russia. Magnezit LTD Company is one of the biggest Company in Europe which mine the product called magnezit. There I have developed three major departments of Production, Finance and Marketing. I have developed a seven-member team, which is headed by me. We usually came across discussing major issue related to finance, production and marketing. We made plans, had discussions, and generate ideas. My job out there was to design the agenda, set priorities, follow-up the discussions, and made our session meaningful. At the same time I performed simultaneously role of interacting, motivating group members, solving conflicts as they arise. During our sessions we set vision, developed strategies, and evaluated our past perf ormance in order to guide ourselves for desired action and behavior. Being a leader of the firm I had dual responsibilities to organize and develop a culture of selflessness. A failure of my team member was the failure of me. I had to do my work selflessly and biggest challenge for me was to get my team members also work selflessly for our firm. Each of our team members felt as he/she was the owner of the firm and we did our work for firm success, we should not to stick it for earning livelihood. That was the most admiring change, which I strove to bring about. The hardest job for me was to set myself as an example for my all fellows. I am not a leader based on how well I work with others or how admired I am. I am a leader based on my actions and how I affect the world around me. I try to never stray from this design because being a positive role model and doing the right thing is the best way to live your life. Being a leader is much more than just being the guy or girl with the ideas or plans. Being a leader is something much more than being the person with their act together and knowing what to do at a moment’s notice. â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.† By doing the right things I live my life as truthfully as I can. I keep my mind on the things that matter most to me: university, family, sport, my future and all the things that make me who I am as an individual. Conclusion All such exercises have made me able to actively contribute towards Master of Science in Management program. MSM program will provide me an opportunity to further develop a broader understanding of management/leadership and enhancing my analytical skills. This program will also provide me with the hands-on study and learn from varied backgrounds. My prior leadership experience will provide me a feedback while attending MSM program. This will provide me an opportunity to share my experiences with others. Also this program will enhance my leadership traits and enable me to learn and develop my capabilities as becoming successful leader. Moreover, it will improve my communication skills and gain more knowledge through the experiences of group members. These learning will help me to improve my attitude and behavior that would be helpful in my leadership career. I am fully confident that MSM program has the potential to make me able to achieve my challenge to bring an organizational cultu re of selflessness. How to cite Leadership, power, influence, director- it can defined in many ways, Essay examples

Animal Farm Comparison Between Movie and Book Essay Example For Students

Animal Farm : Comparison Between Movie and Book Essay Like all books, Animal Farm the book, is different from Animal Farm the movie. One of the reasons is the characters. Some of the characters that were in the book were not in the movie. Those were characters like Mr. Whymper, Clover, and Mollie. In the movie, Jessie, the dog that was only mentioned in the first chapter, replaced Clover. Jessie narrated the story, was the main character, and was in the story the entire time. Some of the events that were in the book were not shown or did not happen in the movie. These were events like the bank note forgeries and some of the things that Squealer said to them like how he convinced them to let the pigs use the apples and milk in their mash. They did not even mention this event in the story. Other things that they did not even mention in the movie were the Sunday meetings and something they didnt mention in the book was Napoleons addiction to whiskey. One of the main events in the book that was not shown in the movie was the battle where Boxer split his hoof. The only two battles that happened were the Rebellion and the Battle of Cowshed. One event that happened in the movie that did not happen in the book was when Squealer took Mr. Joness camera equipment and used it to speak to the animals. Another different thing about the story was when the events took place. They showed the pigs walking on their hind legs after they showed when Jessie couldnt tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. One of the last things that were different about the movie was the ending. It didnt end with Jessie not being able to tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. After that, Jessie took Benjamin and a few other animals with her to escape. They came back a few years later after Napoleon died. The farms new owners were coming and Jessie andher puppies came to live on the farm again. Often we find out that many movies are very different than the book it was made after. I believe it is because they want people to be more interested in the movie rather than the book. They try to make it better by adding extra things or taking away the pointless parts. So when you think about watching a movie on a book, think twice before you do so.

Travel Agency free essay sample

A major determinant in a traveler’s decision to visit a destination is the perception of safety and security. Specific events or series of events may undermine these perceptions of destination. We have said that an individual’s needs for safety for belonging, and so on can be satisfied by setting different objectives or by taking certain actions. What determines how an individual will seek to satisfy a need? It is proposed that an individual is motivated to satisfy particular need and a particular way. A studies show, even the ease of online travel service has its challenges, and one of them is traditional travel agents. Travel agencies offer services that mostly consist of processing activities, first promotional information is given to customer during pre-transaction services. Then the customers provide personal information and make payment transactions. Travel agency is a commercial enterprise where traveler can secure information and expertise get impartial counseling and make arrangement to travel by air, sea or land to any point in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel Agency or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It acts as an agent of the different suppliers in the tourism industry. The service sector makes an important contribution in most countries providing job inputs and public services for the economy. Trade in services can improve economic performance and provide range of traditional new export opportunities. The researcher aim is, therefore, to give a brief overview of this prosperous industry, and how an individual will purchase a specific vacation package trip if they have learned that the purchase will help satisfy an important need. And how the tourist weighs various alternatives against a list of criteria important to them to determine which alternatives are most likely to satisfy a particular motive.

Miranda Decision essays

Miranda Decision essays This infamous Supreme Court case of 1966 deals with the rights of the accused, mainly with the Fifth Amendment right to not incriminate ones self. Ernest Miranda, a Mexican-American in his mid twenties at the time, was living in Phoenix working for a produce company when he was accused of raping and kidnapping an eighteen year old woman. At the time, rape was one of the most popular crimes in Phoenix, and because the womans description of her attacker fit Mirandas profile, he was arrested by Arizona police in his home and immediately taken to a local police station. Once there, Miranda was taken to an interrogation room, where he was questioned about the crimes. At first, Miranda pleaded his innocence, but after two hours of questioning, the police emerged from the room with a written and signed confession. At his trial, the written confession was admitted into evidence and Miranda was found guilty of the crime. The United States Supreme Court was then faced with Mirandas claim that the confession was self-incriminating and violated his Constitutional rights. The police admitted that at no time, either before or after the questioning had Miranda been informed of his right to consult an attorney before answering any questions, or his right to have an attorney present during the interrogation. The Supreme Courts job was to determine whether or not Mirandas Constitutional rights were breached. The Court ruled in favor of Miranda, 5 to 4, and stated that the questions answered during the interrogation must have been answered with the defendants knowledge of his rights. This meant that a testimony was only legitimate if proper procedure was followed. The decision of the Miranda case has changed the policies and proceedings of the police force in the United States to this day. The Supreme Court ruled that the Fifth Amendment right is active outside of the courtroom and pr ...

Building Blocks Lesson

Building Blocks Lesson I have a story to tell, and I want to do it in one-liner bullets. The lesson is clear. See if you note the trend: My lesson = Began writing mysteries. = Finally published a mystery. = Joined Sisters in Crime (SinC) to be with other lady mystery writers. = Became a moderator for SinC to be seen and remembered as a lady mystery writer. = Was invited to help start a local South Carolina chapter of Sisters in Crime. = A year into the local chapter, the president said libraries were seeking authors to speak. = I immediately applied, spending much time on the application. = The library had a grant to hire writing teachers. I knew grants and volunteered time to get it off the ground. = I was selected = The SC State Library asked me to do videos for a website for those who could not attend for payment. = Another county library heard of me and asked me to teach their group, expanding the grant for payment. = One of the librarians suggested I apply for the SC Humanities Speakers Bureau for when the grant was over. = I applied and was accepted for the Speakers Bureau . . . because of my new library reputation. = A library in the next state heard of the library program and invited me for four (paid) appearances. = Another library not on the grant asked me to appear, at the recommendation of the State Library, and applied to the Speakers Bureau to pay for it. . . . and that was just up to this week. Im sure the momentum is still in play.   All too often we become one of two types of writers when it comes to our platforms and self-promotion: 1) The control freak who thinks theyll keep a grip on every turn in the road and determine all outcomes, or 2) The uncertain soul who lets their journey flap in the wind, headed in whatever direction someone else steers them. The best situation falls someplace in between. Keep your options open, but when you see an opportunity, snap it up. Every person in my SinC group had the opportunity I did. None capitalized on it. I saw an opportunity to spread my name in South Carolina in an attempt to saturate local notoriety, instead of thinking I have to become known nationally first. I didnt wait for them to tell me what to do as a speaker. Instead I suggested topics, aiding with promotion, and becoming friends with the librarians who are always seeking opportunities for their members. That friendship resulted in joining the SC Humanities Bureau. And the ball keeps rolling. Do not think you know everything about your writing career. And dont be afraid to try something new to aid your cause. Opportunity is everywhere . . . just everywhere. The art is seeing it, and courting it, and putting it in your pocket instead of wondering for days and weeks if you ought to do something you never have before. Trust yourself. Be excited about stepping out. Watch your confidence soar, and amazingly, those around you will want to soak up that confidence and invite you into their world.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - Essay Example It was in 1977, Golden writes, that Americans viewed on national television for the first time a child suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) (Golden, 1999, 269). What happened during that event when baby â€Å"Melissa† was introduced to the public was that the public had its first view and gained an understanding through the news segment during which Melissa was introduced by anchor David Brinkley of what FAS was and looked like (Golden, 269). The public learned that the –physical abnormalities of FAS are evidenced in children by conditions of mental retardation (MR), in combination with microcephaly, a condition of a small head; short palperable fissures, or very small eye slits; and a deficient mental ability (Golden, 269).While Melissa was not MR, she did demonstrate a deficient mental capacity, as described by Dr. Kenneth Lyons Jones, who conducted research studies through which he came to know baby Melissa (Golden, 269). The airing of the segment brought about an increased release of information to the American public on the dangers of alcohol and pregnancy (Golden, 269). More than two drinks a day during pregnancy, health officials cautioned, could bring about the very conditions from which Melissa suffered (Golden, 269). Even worse, the effects of alcohol consumption beyond two drinks a day could cause damage greater than what the viewing audiences were seeing as the physical impact of alcohol on baby Melissa (Golden, 269). Tresa M. Roebuck, Sarah N. Mattson, and Edward P. Riley (1999) of San Diego State University also collaborated in studying and writing a book on the effects of alcohol and alcoholism on the brain. â€Å"(Therefore)†¦the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure may be more subtle and far-reaching than once believed (Spear, Spear, Goodlett, 1999, 1),† the group concluded. Suggesting that perhaps less than two drinks per day is enough to adversely impact the developing

International Hosptality Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Hosptality Operations - Essay Example This industry is considered by many people to now be the biggest industry in the world. It is one of the few industries where both the producer and the consumer must meet face to face. There is a great deal of diversity among both the tourists and those who serve them. Although the tourism industry can easily be subdivided into many sub-industries, this paper will focus only on international chain hotels and their concerns with managing the diversity among their employees. (Spillane, James J) In a study that was carried out to ascertain consumer satisfaction in the international hotel business, C. Mok and R. W. Armstrong (1998) distributed questionnaires to 600 guests of three mid- priced hotels in Hong Kong in early 1996. From these, 325 respondents completed usable questionnaires. Of these, only those whose country of origin sample size was greater than 30 were included in the final analysis. This included respondents from Australia, Japan, Taiwan, UK and the USA. SERVQUAL analysis was used to determine if tourists from different cultural backgrounds had significantly different expectations for hotel service quality. It was found that "Tourists from the UK have the highest overall expectation scores followed by tourists from USA, Australia, Taiwan and Japan. Intangible elements such as human qualities were perceived as more important by all guests than were the intangible elements such as furniture, facilities." (Spillane, James J) What is international Hospitality International hospitality is the provision of welcoming environments to visitors from foreign lands. The international hospitality industry is without doubt, a "human-resources", and people oriented industry. Some products of this industry include the rendering of services like Accommodation, Relaxation, Spas and Health Clubs, Functions and banquets, Meetings, Commercial catering, Security, Gaming, Food Service, Beverage Service Entertainment, Theme Parties & Festivals, and general, Recreation. The international hospitality industry is also closely related to some other sectors of the tourism industry like Airlines, Tourist Information Centers, Transport Operators, travel Agents, Tourist Attractions (like Theme Parks), Retail Outlets and Gift Shops. Industry Image Due to the importance of planning and development issues in the international hospitality and tourism industry, such as capacity planning, sustainability, structural activity re-alignments,Like some other service sectors, hospitality careers are often stereotyped as low-wage and entry-level, with little opportunity for advancement. As a result, qualified workers, especially the youth, are usually not aware of the range of hospitality careers that are available to them. Chinda Tejavanija Chang observed that Most of the hoteliers or professionals in Hotel or Tourism Industry have made their way to the top through their professional experiences and accumulating their competencies and skills through their various positions in the field as they climbed up their corporate ladder to be top executives of the organization they belong. (Chang, Chinda Tejavanija) HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The international hospitality industry is a multi billion-dollar enterprise. It is an exciting, sector, which offers unlimited opportunities, and

Quantitative Methods for Finance and Investment Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Methods for Finance and Investment Essay University of Bristol School of Economics, Finance and Management QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR FINANCE AND INVESTMENT (EFIMM005) Review Questions Question 1: Concepts a. Deï ¬ ne a stochastic process. Give an example in Finance of a quantity that can be modelled as a stochastic process. b. Deï ¬ ne a stationary stochastic process. c. Consider a stochastic process {Yt , t = 1, . ., T }. Deï ¬ ne the partial autocorrelation function (pacf) associated to this process. d. Explain the diï ¬â‚¬erence between estimator and estimate. e. Let {Ut , t = 1, .., T } be a mean zero white noise process. What is the value of pacf at lag 2 for the process Yt = .5Yt−1 + Ut ? f. Explain the diï ¬â‚¬erence between the autocovariance function and the sample autocovariance function. Question 2: Application The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be written as E(Rjt |Rmt , Rf t ) = Rf t + ÃŽ ²j (Rmt − Rf t ), where Rjt is the net return of security j at period t, Rmt is the return on a market portfolio proxy, and Rf t is the return on a risk-free proxy. The coeï ¬Æ'cient ÃŽ ²j is the CAPM beta for security j. Suppose that you have estimated ÃŽ ²j by ordinary least squares and found that the estimated value was 1.37 with standard deviation 2.6. based on 3665 observations. a. A city analyst has told you that security j closely follows the market, in the sense that security j is equally risky, on average, to the market portfolio. Perform a 5% signiï ¬ cance level test of hypothesis to determine whether data support the analysts claim. b. Are hypotheses tested concerning the value of ÃŽ ²j or its estimated values? Question 3: Techniques Consider the moving average process: Yt = ÃŽ µt + ÃŽ ¸1 ÃŽ µt−1 + ÃŽ ¸12 ÃŽ µt−12 with {ÃŽ µt }T a mean zero white noise process with variance ÏÆ' 2 0. t=0 a. Calculate the mean of Yt . b. Calculate the variance of Yt . c. Calculate the autocovariance function of {Yt }T . t=a T =120 d. Assume that {yt }t=1 represents the monthly tons of ice cream sold in the UK between Oct. 2001 and Oct. 2012. What type of dependence can the term ÃŽ ¸12 ÃŽ µt−12 capture? 1

Marketing :: essays research papers

Hewlett-Packard/Compaq Merger   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2002, the (HP/Compaq) merger announcement was made by Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fiorina and Compaq head Michael D. Capellas. If in fact the merger goes through, it would be the largest merger in the computer industry history. Some may ask why this merger was so important to these companies. The truth of the matter is that both of these companies feel that this merger will benefit their company not only at the present time but in the future also. Along with a huge merger like this one, there are some pros and cons that affiliate with a huge merger like this one. According to a reference article these are some of the reasons why some may support the merger and some reasons why some may oppose the merger: Why to support the merger: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new HP will become the market leader in servers, storage, management software, printing and imaging, and PCs, improving our ability to offer the end-to-end solutions customers demand. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We will double our profitable and growing services business, enhance our R&D efforts, and extend our customer reach in 160 countries. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We will achieve annual cost savings of $2.5 billion, adding $5 to $9 in present value to each HP share; and increase earnings per share by 13% during the first year following the merger. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By improving profitability in enterprise computing systems, in PCs and access devices, and in IT services, we will have the financial strength to extend our successful imaging and printing franchise into new multi-billion dollar categories like digital imaging and digital publishing. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The closer you look, the more you will see that the merger of HP and Compaq is the single best way to strengthen our businesses and improve our market position, deliver more of what our customers need, enhance opportunities for our employees, and increase the value of your investment. Why to oppose the merger: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acquiring market share does not translate to leadership, i.e., demonstrated better business model, technology innovation or success at winning business from competitors. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Admission of no new significant technology/capabilities added to HP's portfolio. Significant overlap creates cost synergies which are offset by revenue losses from rationalized products and services †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Large stock transactions statistically more risky. Upon announcement of the proposed merger, Moody's downgraded HP's debt rating and put it on negative watch, S&P has also put HP on negative outlook †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bigger, but in an unattractive business, commodity computing. Hardware as diminishing economies of scale and HP and Compaq already has significant scale.

Organic food Essay

We have all heard the phrase â€Å"What you don’t know won’t hurt you† and it has undoubtedly applied to many situations in our lives that we are still unaware of. We like to toss around this phrase without worrying too much about what it implies because that is the whole point of the phrase, not to worry. When it comes to what we are putting into our bodies, though, what we do not know can indeed hurt us immensely. In the United States, we have grown accustomed to not thinking much about what we are consuming. The main factors we look for in food are taste and price. We live in a consumer society where money rules our nation, it rules our lives, and it rules us. Money has become the main focus for every decision we make, but when it comes to something as important as our health, should we look at a few other factors? With societies concerns focusing on wealth and profit, there is no surprise that the food industry finds the cheapest ways to produce the most food. Consequently, this produces many negative effects on aspects of our lives such as our health and the environment. When choosing what foods to consume, we should begin to pay more attention to factors other than the price tag. The food industry obviously plays a big role in this epidemic of processed food, but they are not the only ones to blame. Yes they are the ones taking advantage of our ignorance by mass-producing cheap food that they know we will not think twice about, but the ignorance is our fault. Author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan, describes the current foundation of the food industry, â€Å"Our food system depends on consumers’ not knowing much about it beyond the price disclosed by the checkout scanner. Cheapness and ignorance are mutually reinforcing† (Pollan 245). Pollan is correct in his assumption that most Americans do not know much about their food besides how much it cost. Most of them are not even aware that they do not know what is in their food. They subconsciously assume that chicken is chicken and cheese is cheese, but unfortunately that is hardly ever the case. Many people choose to live along these guidelines of â€Å"ignorance is bliss† by not paying attention to the horror stories of the food industry; they turn their heads from documentaries on animal treatment and plug their ears at the mention of the real ingredients of their precious snacks. As long as the food they are eating tastes good and did not cost a lot of money, they are content with not knowing how unhealthy it might be. Pollan further explains another reason people buy the cheapest available food: It makes good economic sense that people with limited money to spend on food would spend it on the cheapest calories they can find, especially when the cheapest calories—fats and sugars—are precisely the ones offering the biggest neurobiological rewards. (Pollan 108) People with lower incomes are confined to buying cheap food, typically the most processed and unhealthy food, because with their limited funds they cannot afford to care about the quality of what they are eating. They buy what is cheapest because that is all they can get. As long as they have food in their stomachs, they do not complain or worry too much about the side affects. Eating food that may not be very healthy definitely outweighs the alternative of eating nothing and starving. Americans are ignorant of the food that they purchase either because they choose not to educate themselves or because they really have no choice. Either way, they are missing out on other possibilities of obtaining food that have many advantages. Not knowing what our food is made of also prevents us from knowing what alternative food options are available to us. Because we see no problems with our current food choices, we see no reason to discover new ones. The processed food at the supermarket is all we know because it is the most convenient and affordable from of nourishment we can obtain. Pollan’s book includes the testimony of someone who buys food from a local, organic farmer, â€Å"†¦for me it’s all about the taste, which is just so different—this is a chickinier chicken. Art’s chickens just taste cleaner, like the chicken I remember when I was a kid† (Pollan 252). The food available from local farmers is not only better for our health and the environment but it also tastes better. We have grown accustomed to the artificially flavored food we buy from grocery stores and do not realize that the food we eat could taste better and more natural. The locally grown food tastes healthier and more natural because that is precisely what it is. The artificially engineered taste of chicken in a common chicken nugget is not what a chicken should taste like. Besides enhanced taste, buying from local farmers offers many other benefits as well. An organic farmer interviewed in The Omnivore’s Dilemma explains some more benefits of buying locally, With our food all of the costs are figured into the price. Society is not bearing the cost of water pollution, of antibiotic resistance, of food-borne illnesses, of crop subsidies, of subsidized oil and water—of all the hidden costs to the environment and the taxpayer that make cheap food seem cheap. (Pollan 243) One of the main reasons why people do not want to look into these alternative methods of eating is because they are more expensive. People overlook these opportunities because the organic food appears overpriced, but when you evaluate all these factors it might not be as overpriced as you might think. Yes the food is more expensive but it stands true that you get what you pay for. When paying more, you are receiving a whole lot more that benefits your health, community, and environment. The extra money that would be spent on food, you might save on your medical bills and taxes. Locally produced food is healthier for you and it carries a much less chance of containing disease and illness. Another bonus of buying from local farms: there is less pollution created than in the factories and slaughterhouses of the globalized food industry. If people became aware of alternative food options and the benefits associated with them, they would be more inclined to pay better attention to what they are buying. This would not only improve ones personal health, but also the environment. Although money remains a very important role in deciding what we purchase, it would benefit us to consider a few other aspects of the food that we buy. Paying attention to details such as what goes into the food, where it is produced, and how it is produced would lead us to make healthier decisions. More often than not, a satisfying answer to these questions will not be found in the food at our local supermarkets, but rather a local farmer. Buying from these farmers would mean supporting a healthy environment and body. Their production methods are healthier and much more environmentally friendly than any factories in a big-name food industry. While it may seem that this is a simple choice, many Americans will continue to ignore these truths. When it comes down to it, money rules everything and it will take a lot more than the promise of better health for people to overlook a price tag. They say ignorance is bliss, but when that ignorance leads to decisions that contaminate our bodies and our environment, the bliss will be short lived.

Week 1 Qnt 351

[pic] CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with and acknowledge my responsibilities, which are part of the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity. I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings.Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Introduction to St atistics QNT 351 March 22, 2013 Merry GalloIntroduction to Statistics Statistics is defined in Statistics for Business and Economics, as the science of data. Involves collecting, classifying, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information. Statistics is more than just looking at numbers, there is a process involved in obtaining the numerical information. Statistical thinking is helpful as well. This involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess data and inferences.It is important to keep in mind that variations exist in populations and processed data. There are two different types of statistics, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form. Inferential statistics utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predicti ons, or other generalizations about a larger set of data.Business’s are required to conduct research in order to get their business up and operating. In order to conduct through information the people involved with the business would have to be able to understand and implement the statistical findings. These findings could be as simple as reports on wether one area of a town versus another is more profitable. Statistics that would be a little bit more detailed would be the reports for financial matters. If the statistics are good then the business decisions should be healthy and successful.In my line of work there are plenty of statistics being used in every department. As a bartender I am responsible for knowing the levels of alcohol in my bottles, as well as how many beers I have in my coolers. The portions used in the recipes for the drinks is me being able to use ratios, and nominal data to run a profitable bar. The restaurant as a whole uses stastics when planing the sch edule as well as the weekly order. If our numbers are high for a day then our labor will be scheduled higher than normal.If the projected numbers are low then we operate with fewer servers and cooks. Another statistical problem that could occur is when we run our of items. In this case it would imply that our projections were off and we need to concentrate on the next weeks order to make sure we are fully stocked and overly stocker in other areas. References This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, simply delete this line of text using the backspace key, and replace the information with your reference entry.

Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth

The Wretched of The Earth By Frantz Fanon Written in 1961 among the turbulent times of de-colonization in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is in one word formidable. It is formidable in the sense that it exposes the colonial system as an exploitative cultural, economic, and political system. It is one of the most concise condemnations of the colonial system. Frantz Fanon as a political author is unique in that he received his primary training in psychiatry. He provides an unparalleled look into the material forces that give colonialism its oppressive nature. As well as how psychologically this colonial oppression leads to a movement of national liberation among oppressed natives. The Wretched of the Earth is a political work employing psychology and a class-based approach to understanding the abusive quality of the colonial system, and the movement of national liberation that rises to challenge it. The content of this book spans 316 pages and is divided into 5 sections, which will be reviewed in detail . The sections are: concerning violence, spontaneity: its strength and weakness, the pitfalls of national consciousness, on national culture, and colonial war and mental disorders. Concerning Violence Violence is inherent in the colonial system. It is used as a method of subjugation to ensure complacency in all natives, and all of their duties. However, violence is not solely a physical phenomenon. It serves as a psychological reminder that recalcitrant behavior is to be met with brute force. On page 38, Fanon argues that in capitalist countries the educational system serves to induce certain morals. These morals, such as a protestant work ethic, and patriotism are a medium to ensure complacency with the established order. However in colonies the native population is subjected to police violence to ensure complacency. Fanon writes â€Å"In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the police ... Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth Free Essays on The Wrentched Earth The Wretched of The Earth By Frantz Fanon Written in 1961 among the turbulent times of de-colonization in Africa, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is in one word formidable. It is formidable in the sense that it exposes the colonial system as an exploitative cultural, economic, and political system. It is one of the most concise condemnations of the colonial system. Frantz Fanon as a political author is unique in that he received his primary training in psychiatry. He provides an unparalleled look into the material forces that give colonialism its oppressive nature. As well as how psychologically this colonial oppression leads to a movement of national liberation among oppressed natives. The Wretched of the Earth is a political work employing psychology and a class-based approach to understanding the abusive quality of the colonial system, and the movement of national liberation that rises to challenge it. The content of this book spans 316 pages and is divided into 5 sections, which will be reviewed in detail . The sections are: concerning violence, spontaneity: its strength and weakness, the pitfalls of national consciousness, on national culture, and colonial war and mental disorders. Concerning Violence Violence is inherent in the colonial system. It is used as a method of subjugation to ensure complacency in all natives, and all of their duties. However, violence is not solely a physical phenomenon. It serves as a psychological reminder that recalcitrant behavior is to be met with brute force. On page 38, Fanon argues that in capitalist countries the educational system serves to induce certain morals. These morals, such as a protestant work ethic, and patriotism are a medium to ensure complacency with the established order. However in colonies the native population is subjected to police violence to ensure complacency. Fanon writes â€Å"In the colonial countries, on the contrary, the police ...

Billy Budd 2 Essay Research Paper To

Billy Budd 2 Essay, Research Paper To organize merely one sentiment or demo simply one facet of this narrative is naif, ill-mannered, and closed minded. How may one stick to one food shop mea, moral inquiring, or out-look on a book that jumps from such instances like toads on lily pads? Merely as Melville has done, I shall try to set up my perceptual experience of Billy Budd, in a similar manner. That is, through an irregular pattern ( that is ; leaping from platinum. to point ) , of composing an essay I shall invariably alter and waies and ends of what it is I wish to province. One may comprehend the book s construction to be loose and rather flexible ; one finds that the tantrums and starts, and the shifting of lengths between chapters are the best manner to convey the feelings/ significances of Billy s narrative. Possibly the storyteller believes that Billy is true on a deeper sense ; in other words, it corresponds to existent experience. Don T you, yourself find that when you are seeking to do a major determination, or populating through some important event your head supports switching from one thing to another, sometimes rapidly and dramatically, sometimes contriving conjectural state of affairss to utilize as comparings or differences? This is similar to the instance as seen in Billy Budd. The Book doesn T work in a rigorous and orderly manner but starts out to depict at length different characters, so moves to fast actions, slows down once more to a really argued trail, so draws quickly to a stopping point with Billy s hanging. Even after that event, ( the hanging ) , the book lingers on with a remark of it and ties up all loose terminals ( Captain Vere deceasing etc ) . Though this narrative lacks Orthodox format, it coheres in a profound and traveling manner. The manner and point of position of Billy Budd can be dealt with together b/c of the strong narrative voice determines both. The storyteller of the narrative is clearly a extremely educated individual with a great cognition of mythology. Though the voice of the narrative is consistent in this novel, the point of position is invariably altering. Sometimes we are put inside the caputs of the characters ( he tells us Claggart s secret ideas about Billy, and makes us experience the anguish Captain Vere is sing in doing his difficult determination. Then once more there are other times were he removes both of us ( storyteller, and reader ) , from a scene, ( Best illustration being, when Vere goes to state Billy that he must hang- and avoids doing judgements ) . The switching position and non including judgements forces one to do their ain feelings and values to the events in the book. It s these displacements that make the book of all time more true, existent, and complex in the different state of affairss. The storyteller invariably makes allusions to the Bible and to Greek mythology, and this has the consequence of promoting Billy s narrative into a symbolic play. The storyteller besides has the wont of straying, and he confesses that this failing is a literary wickedness. One might happen these Acts of the Apostless to be deflecting, but in fact when you stop to believe why the storyteller included them it sheds a certain visible radiation. Not merely does the storyteller maintain altering his point of position, but he keeps altering his gait every bit good. Background on history ( the war ) , a long analysis of characters, which are followed by intense dramatic action ( i.e. ; Billy being approached in fall ining a mutiny, and subsequently killing Claggart ) . Through such an attack the storyteller evokes the ambiance of the narrative. Many different subjects arise in this narrative. First, one most note that Billy was given 3 chief monikers ; Baby Budd, he was seen as a signifier of Christ, and as Adam from the Garden of Paradise. When seeing all three in the same sentence it brings one to compare and contrast. What do all three basically hold? Innocence. Furthermore, such a quality International Relations and Security Network T lost through yourself but through the actions of others. A Baby doesn T turn up until his eyes are opened and he is stripped of his pureness. Jesus was all good until he was hanged a rood by those who opposed his beliefs- once more another stripped of his goodness. Last but non least, the comparing of Billy to Adam. Adam was a adult male, G-d first creative activity, and hence is seen as one of the highest degrees of hollies. He did non cognize evil, for he was the first, but what brought about his autumn was the enticement of the serpent. To stretch farther into the thoughts of Billy and his relation to each description, one must see them in context. Baby ; who bestowed Billy with such a rubric? Though Billy has many friends among the crew of the Indomitable, the Dansker is the lone one whose character Melville fills out wholly. Wrinkled, misanthropic, tight-lipped, and wise in the crooked ways of the universe, the Dansker offers rather a contrast to the fine-looking immature crewman whom he dubs Baby Budd. Furthermore, Melville compares the old Dansker to the prophet at Delphi, a sort of spiritual fortune-teller whom the antediluvian Greeks would confer with for advise about the hereafter. Like this prophet, the Dansker likes doing short, deep dictums, and one time he speaks, he refuses to explicate what he s said. Billy, for one, can t understand half of his vocalizations, and what he understands he refuses to believe. You might acquire frustrated with him because, while he cares for Billy, he refuses to take a base and talk up for him. In add-on, after this short history of who the Dansker is, one can see vividly why he was named Baby Budd. On a physical degree Billy contrasted the Dansker rather vividly. On a deeper degree, thought still easy to hold on, one sees that the Dansker is wise in the crooked ways, nevertheless ; Billy is yet a babe. Sing Billy as a signifier of Christ ; In order to visualize Billy as a Christ, one must first attack Jesus for what he was. Christ was a simple adult male ( shepherd ) , and sacrificed himself so as others wouldn t be hurt. He excessively was betrayed by person he felt he could swear. ( Judas ) . Similarly, Billy was merely ( the book neer gave us ground to believe that Billy was greatly educated or such ) . Second, after Billy s unwilled wickedness, his surrender to his destiny nowadayss Billy as Christ like in his willingness to accept the forfeit of his ain life in order to keep societal order. Furthermore, I believe that because Billy was approached to fall in a mutiny, decided non to, and still didn t describe the work forces he was approached by, the people saw him as an above type of individual. Billy like Christ was besides betrayed by person he thought he could swear. Don T be misunderstood ; I am non mentioning to Captain Vere, but Claggart. For illustration ; in the incide nt of the spilling of the soup, Claggart did non respond in a roseola mode, hence, Billy put down all guards from him. This cogent evidence is most noticeable, in the scene in which Billy is hanged and the gallows in which Billy is hung upon is seen as a kind of Crucifix and Billy himself as a Christ-like figure. Billy is closely associated with Adam before the Fall. Claggart is like the serpent Satan who wormed his manner into Eden and tricked mankind out of a province of pureness, artlessness, and felicity. Billy Budd reenacts this antique struggle between good and evil symbolically and in the workings of the secret plan. However, I think this parable merely goes every bit far as the instance with Billy killing Claggart. Even beyond that simple apprehension, the autumn of adult male can be looked at in different ways. Sociologically, when pureness and artlessness is stripped off by the act of killing Claggart. Simplicity, to jurisprudence and justice. Another manner to construe Billy s autumn, is that of adult male to industry. ( Although this thought is more stressed in Bartleby ) . Yes, Billy reenacts the Fall of Man, but it goes a measure farther to demo the forgiveness and credence that follows. The important scene in this book is the meeting between Captain Vere and Billy after the trail ( the scene from which we re significantly excluded ) , when the justice embraces the condemned slayer like a male parent to a boy. The father-son motive is a sub-theme within this general reading. The key in the book is Billy s echoing approval: â€Å"God Bless Captain Vere! † ( Chapter 21 ) In Billy Budd, the function of the justice and leader is played by the Honorable Edward Fairfax Vere, the commanding officer of the Indomitable. Vere is a member of the English nobility. A unmarried man about 40 old ages old, Vere is a brave but non foolhardy captain, who has distinguished himself in several conflicts and lift to his rank through dedicate service and because he treats his crew good. He is an rational, which is something rare in the armed forces. He loves to read, particularly history and doctrine Books that reinforce his strong conservative sentiments of the universe. Though he is a decisive leader, he besides has a touch of languor in his character and on juncture has been seen gazing into the sea. Because it is understood that Vere and Billy were close it brings to oppugn why Vere wouldn T have pardoned Billy? Very Far was he from encompassing chances for monopolising to himself the hazards of moral duty. ( chapter 21 ) Captain Vere can be looked upon in at least three different visible radiations. Vere as a austere but merely justice, Vere as inhuman coward, and as a all-around adult male in a tough topographic point. Each give ground to why Billy stated, G-d bless Captain Vere. And through each it is easy to plus why in each it would do sense. Vere as austere but merely justice ; No one likes the fact that Billy bents for killing Claggart, but many feel that Vere made the lone determination possible. As the Captain of the Indomitable, he must look out for the public assistance of the whole ship, non merely the destiny of one adult male, and his determination to put to death Billy takes this precedence into history. It is evident to us, as readers that Vere suffers because the more he sees of Billy the more he loves him. By the terminal, he feels about like Billy s male parent. He knows Billy is guiltless before God ( chapter 21 ) in the ultimate sense, but his responsibility concerns the here and now. The jurisprudence demands that Billy must hang, and Vere knows he must continue the jurisprudence. Furthermore, to implement this degree of concluding with the phrase God Bless Captain Vere, one may construe it to intend ; hapless Captain Vere, may you bless him for it is the mistake of society non this adult male. In add-on, cognizing that Vere is brave, individual at 40 and all together devoted to his work, his true hurting for Billy Becomes known when he dies in the preceding conflict. His last words uttered were Billy ; Billy s last words were Captain Vere. As Vere takes leave of Bill, the senior lieutenant notices a expression of torment on his face ( chapter 22 ) Through another window one can see Vere to be a inhuman coward. Vere argued himself into the decease punishment for Billy out of cowardliness and bare fright. He might easy hold pardoned Billy, but he convinces himself that to make so would do the crew to mutiny, and he uses this feeble statement to convert the other Judgess to travel along with him. It s the typical second-guessing of a nervous coward. Vere might read a batch of books, but all they do is indurate his already settled sentiments. Like so many intellectuals, he wholly separates his feelings from his ideas, and assumes that his intestine reaction is incorrect, because it comes from his intestine! In this regard ; the phrase God Bless Captain Vere, takes on a new significance. Now it can stand to intend, God bless this adult male for he is lost. Yet another manner to look at Captain Vere is excessively merely soggiest that Vere is a all-around adult male in a tough topographic point. He s a leader and a mind, a adult male of deep feelings but besides a stickler for inside informations, a adult male with strong personal sentiments but an even stronger sense of responsibility. There is no simple reply to this instance. Furthermore, if you look at Billy ; Billy didn t study the mutiny, and followed his bosom making what he felt was moral. If you observe Captain Vere ; The Captain decides to hang Billy, he did what the jurisprudence directed him to make. If you look at the result of each individual so you will detect something in congruity, they both died. Possibly this is to state us that in a universe of such complexness, peoples will endure the same destiny regardless of the way of society ( jurisprudence ) , or personal decision ( that is moral ) . In this one can construe the phrase, God bless Captain Vere to intend, God bl ess this adult male for he was left with a fork in the route in which both results were similar. This is the cardinal nature of Vere s nature and everyone agrees one these basic facts. When Vere has to cover with the highly hard state of affairs on board the ship caused by Claggart s accusal, and Billy s striking out at him, his character is thrown into a whole new visible radiation. His ultimate determination, nevertheless, is up to endless argument. The manner one feels about his determination will turn out to be the anchor of one s reading of the book. I personally agree with the pick that Captain Vere made. What is Claggart s job? This is a inquiry you can believe about infinitely and still non reply to your satisfaction. Claggart is fundamentally the force of immorality in Billy Budd. He is Billy s face-to-face in merely about every manner. This will give you a good grip on how to speak about Claggart but it doesn t get to the underside of him. As Melville makes so clear in this book, immorality is a enigma that can neer be adequately explained. Bing Claggart is the incarnation of immorality, contains this enigma at the really centre of his character. Claggart is at the other terminal of the rope ( good v. immorality ) ; it is astonishing to see how they both steam from a similar steam. To look at him you might non believe he is so bad. Thirty-five old ages old, tall, dark haired, and reasonably fine-looking, there are merely two truly unusual things in his appearance- a dead-white skin color and an excessively big mentum. It is interesting to see a dead white skin color as a description for person with dead characteristic. To state he is dead you can link him to the really symbol of Satan or snake that he is thought out to be. He is dead in the sense of missing heart/ feelings. As for an overly big mentum, this is normally a similar physical characteristic seen with many evil characters, i.e. , Cruealla Deville, and other dark animals leering in the shadows. Both Claggart are instead fine-looking ( except for the difference stated about Claggart to see Billy s visual aspect see chapter 1 ) . Both had no existent background, all w e know of Billy is that he utilize to work on the Great adult male and now moved to the never-say-die as a consequence of war. As for Claggart he seems to be rather intelligent, and no 1 can calculate out how h got to the naval forces. Rumor has it that Claggart as a little clip condemnable in England, and he was drafted straight from prison. But no 1 knows for certain. About his intelligence, merely like the serpent used his intelligence to flim-flam Mankind, Claggart excessively uses his intelligence to flim-flam Billy. Thus the autumn of either s Garden. Upon this reappraisal, one can inquire such a inquiry of, does every Eden have to hold its serpent? The presence of John Claggart in Billy Budd suggest that immorality is portion of our universe, and it will ever attach itself to innocence and seek to pervert it. Billy Budd focuses on the interior life of a individual ship. Life aboard the Indomitable is a scaly down theoretical account of life itself, yet it is evident of the strength and about claustrophic this scene can be as the narrative returns and everything is heightened. Thought the wide-open sea is all about, it merely isolates the work forces from the remainder of the universe. If you ve of all time been momently separated on a encampment trip, per-say, so you know how rapidly one can acquire on another s nervousnesss. This narrative captures that strength. One must besides retrieve that Billy is set in a clip of war and mutiny, and theses factors have a major impact on the narrative and everyone s determinations.

The Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Global Economy - Essay Example They demonstrate average volatility shifts of many prices of agricultural commodities and finds further support in implied volatility evidence. This happens against a backdrop of shifts towards global markets and market liberalization, as well as dramatic alterations within the energy sector with regard to bio-fuel production. One factor that affects the volatility of these agricultural commodity prices is trends (Cooke & Robles, 2011: 56). Long run decreases or increases in series volatility may occur. These can be accounted for by the inclusion of time trends in variables explaining volatility. Another factor is stock levels. As stock levels of various commodities drop, there is an expectation that volatility in prices of these commodities will also increase. Low stocks will lead to dependence, on current production, to meet consumption demands in the short term also increasing. Further yield shocks could portend an increasingly dramatic effect on the commodity prices. The yields f or particular crops will also drive a commodity’s price up or down. In relation to expectations, a large yield may cause prices to drop while a particularly low yield may result in an increase, in the price (FAO, 2011: p123). If the prices respond in a symmetrical manner to the yields, then no impact will be expected on the series volatility. If, however, a bigger yield impacts more on the prices, then volatilities will be positively related to yields while, conversely if lower yields have more impact on the prices than higher yields, then the volatilities will have a negative correlation to the yields. Another factor has to do with the transmission across prices. Positive transmission of price volatilities is expected across agricultural commodities. Global markets do experience international shocks that could influence the world demand for agricultural commodities with these markets also adjusting to policy movements, which may impact simultaneously on a number of commoditi es (FAO, 2011: p124). In addition, Volatility in a particular market may have a direct impact on another’s volatility where stocks are speculatively held. Exchange rate volatility is another factor that affects volatility of agricultural commodity prices (Hill, 2011: p33). Prices received by producers on deflation into the domestic producer currency may impact significantly on commodity prices at which the producers are prepared to sell. This is also extended to stockholders. Volatile rates of exchange significantly increase the risk inherent in returns. Therefore, it is expected that a positive volatility of exchange rate transmission could result in agricultural commodity price volatility. Oil price volatility is another factor with perhaps the biggest agricultural production shifts in the past decade, and one that is expected to continue, being the move towards the use of bio-fuels (Hill, 2012: p56). Recent empirical studies have suggested the transmission of prices betwee n sugar prices and oil. A likely link also exists between the costs of input and that of output. Freight costs, mechanized agriculture, and fertilizer prices all depend on the price of oil, which are transmitted to agricultural commodity prices. In light of the recent unprecedented volatility of oil prices, this volatility shows a potential to spill over into agricultural commodity volatility. For example, the sudden interruption of fuel availability during the Iraq war in 2002

Max Weber Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Max Weber - Research Paper Example Weber was highly inspired by German idealism and specifically by neo-Kantianism. The most significant influence of neo-Kantianism thought on Weber was the idea that reality is basically disorganized and perplexing, with all the balanced order coming from the way in which the individual mind focuses its attention on particular areas of reality and arranges the perceptions that come as an output. Social Action Max Weber viewed sociology as a science of social action. His early focus in sociology revolved around subjective meanings that individuals attach to the actions that they take and their interpretations of concepts within a particular social context (Elwell, n.d.). According to this, Weber categorizes action in four different ways. The following kinds of action can be taken. Zweckrational (the means used to achieve the required goal are rationally chosen). Wertrational (the goal one is trying to achieve might not be rational, but rational ways are used to attain it). Affective ac tion is rooted in the emotional state of an individual instead of rational thinking. Traditional action is the action that is guided or regulated by customs, habits, or traditions. According to Weber, there are many factors in action behind human behavior, and he believed that most of the behavior exercised by individuals is a mix of the above mentioned actions. He advocated that a distinctive shift in the motivation of individual behavior is a distinguishing feature of a modern society (Elwell, n.d.). Major part of his work investigates the factors that gave birth to the idea of rationalization in the western society. Weber believes that social action is an illustration of the use of an ideal type. An ideal type provides the fundamental method for comparative and historical study (Elwell, n.d.). It also helps the researcher when he or she is studying a specific area of the society. This ideal type cannot be a real phenomenon; it is a classic hypothetical example against which the r eality could be compared (Barnard, Burgess, & Kirby, 2004). Theory of Rationalization According to Weber, rationalization refers to the increasing human control over the social environment. As per this theory, there are three basic points that are individual cost-benefit analysis, the bureaucratic arrangement of organization, and understanding of reality without searching for explanations in mystery, magic, or supernatural beliefs (Allan, 2005). The process of rational thought is the sensible application of knowledge to arrive at a preferred outcome. It leads to competence, cooperation, efficiency, and power over both the natural and the social surroundings (Elwell, n.d.). It also makes individuals come out as free, as he or she breaks the net of traditional thoughts and illogical belief systems. In his later works on bureaucracy, Weber discusses rationalization in detail. Weber advocates that bureaucracies are goal-defined organizations devised according to rational factors in orde r to effectively achieve their goals (Elwell, n.d.). The bureaucratic cooperation of the actions of numerous people has become the main structural characteristic of modern societies. As regards the concept of rationalization, Weber stayed doubtful. He saw it as a two-sided phenomenon. On the

TS Eliot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

TS Eliot - Essay Example Therefore, Eliot’s exertion on this particular poem has been considered commitment to religious poetic sensibility and spiritual consciousness. In the venerated poem, Eliot has emphasized on the significance of Magi’s journey to find baby Jesus, who is deemed to be Messiah. Thus, Magi’s spiritual quest; aimed to find a way for the emancipation of the world from materialism, has been depicted as uncertain. This uncertainty has been suggested as a core ingredient of conscious spiritism. Hence, Eliot has emphasized on the difficulties and persistent struggle a part of spiritual awakening, a way to attain spiritual identity (Eliot, 1953). Although, Eliot has been considered as an assorted leader of postmodern realism, but in this diverse piece; he has adapted a thought- evoking style and a vision of a spiritualist, who describes the impediments and bottleneck of the journey of redemption and inside gratification. His elusive style and bohemian repute called for sever e criticism on his Anglo-Catholic work. Thus, his former work earned him a repute of a non-believer of religion and their fundamental practices, and eventually a palpable critique of beliefs (Strandberg, 2002). In the journey of Magi, Eliot contemplated with the idea of human change, in terms of journey from physical being to spiritual beings, which was vague in the western world of 1920s. Thus, he depicted the struggle for divinity in the form of divine journey of accomplishment. In the age of secularism, Eliot identified the extinction and decline of spiritual survival. Therefore, he narrated his dogma through the eloquence of the quest for Messiah (Jesus). He regarded the need of a man to incline from the degeneration of modernism, which induced elopement of belief in man. Hence, through this belief which was found in the form of religious insight or realization; man was in a great need to revitalize spiritual consciousness. Moreover, pain and suffering which have been significan t parts of spiritual journey are disregarded by Eliot by the end of the poem due to uncertainty. Consequently, Eliot always felt that the religious beliefs were vanishing. Yet, he aimed to restore them in a narrative, which was not completely consistent on religious aspirations, but showed the uncertainty of human belief even in the presence of miracle. As change requires discarding of old beliefs and practices, hence, birth of Jesus and death of old beliefs and practices were depicted as infinite. However, the narrator describes his journey as excruciating and is in a consistent state of grief. Previously Eliot has depicted unworthiness towards the most prestigious earthly things in The Waste Land. Therefore, his famous unimpressive and un-charmed attitude towards charismatic ideology of modernism and skeptical view on the condition of modern man; was a first step towards the journey of spiritual identification (Eliot, 1990). Furthermore, he has also exemplified, how man and his li fe in society has been completely dominated by chaos. Eliot reflected the trauma stricken and despaired man due to the horrification of World War I, but along with it he also emphasized on man’s despair in not fulfilling the needs of his spiritual being. Spiritual being was marred due to the loss of faith and increased sterility of spiritual consciousness. In 1920’s the world turned around against religious fundamentalism of Victorianism and displayed eccentric manners in terms of vulgarity and expressiveness. Therefore, Western civilization collapsed

Effects of Hypnosis on Pain Reduction

Effects of Hypnosis on Pain Reduction Psychology is defined â€Å"as the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes† (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p.14). One of the widely circulated common sense beliefs is that hypnosis is a technique that is useful in reducing a person’s perception of pain. Hypnosis is â€Å"an altered state of consciousness characterized by narrowed attention and increased suggestibility† (Coon Mitterer, 2012, p. 221). The history of hypnosis originated from the 1700s when an Austrian doctor Franz Mesmer tried to use magnets to cure illnesses and this technique is called animal magnetism (Oon, 2008). Animal magnetism is similar to hypnosis as both depend on providing suggestions (Waterfield, 2002). It was then by English surgeon James Braid which the term hypnosis comes to light where he associated hypnosis with sleep (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Nevertheless, in today’s context, people do know that hypnosis is not about sleeping. One of the important aspects of hypnosis is ba sic suggestion effect (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Basic suggestion effect happens when one do things out of others’ suggestions rather than its own will (Coon Mitterer, 2012). Hypnosis uses basic suggestion effect to assuage the pain experienced by one. As such, it is indubitable that hypnosis can be used as an effective mean to relieve pain. Hypnosis can be a mean to relieve the pain experienced during medical procedure. A research study shows that hypnosis can effectively assuage the pain one has to go through during medical treatment. Butler, L.D., Symons, B. K., Henderson, S. L., Shortliffe, L. D., and Spiegel, D. (2005) carried out an experiment with children that have to undergo voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). This experiment consisted of two groups, the control group of 23 children and the experimental group of 21 children (Butler et al., 2005). The former being children that had undergone routine care which were the outline and the demonstration of the entire process and the latter being children that undergone hypnosis in which they would have to practice hypnotising themselves numerous times a day before the next VCUG session (Butler et al., 2005). Children in the experimental group were also told to imagine themselves in their preferred places which were then associated with the VCUG treatment (Butler et al., 2005). Children from both groups must have attended at least one VCUG session before (Butler et al., 2005). The results obtained were from the level of pain felt by the children during the process, parents’ evaluation of their child’s degree of fearfulness as compared to the previous session, the research assistant’s (RA) interpretation of the children’s level of distress during the procedure and the smoothness and time taken for the procedure assessed by the radiologist and radiology technician (Butler et al., 2005). The results of the experiment showed that the pain experienced by both groups of children was similar (Butler et al., 2005). However, parents from the experiment group generally find the procedure less daunting for their child after the hypnotism session as compared to the control group (Butler et al., 2005). Similarly, the RA and the medical staffs conceded that the children in the experimental group experienced less pain and the procedure was smoother than those from the control group respectively (Butler et al., 2005). The time taken for the children in the experimental group to complete the procedure was also about 14 minutes shorter than the children in the control group (Butler et al., 2005). This experiment goes to show that hypnosis can be an effective mean to relieve the pain one perceive during medical treatment. Pain can be alleviated by hypnosis (Keefe, Abernethy, Campbell, 2005). Experiment has shown that hypnosis is effectual in relieving the pain experienced by one during post-care treatment. In one experiment, hypnosis was used to find out if pain suffered during burn wound treatment can be assuaged (Askay, Patterson, Jensen, Sharar, 2007). This experiment consisted of the control group and experimental group (Askay et al., 2007). The experimental group consisted of 27 patients and underwent hypnosis by a trained psychologist whereas the control group consisted of 19 patients but did not receive hypnosis and were only briefed on the procedure (Askay et al., 2007). The control group were also given a recording to listen to aid them in the wound changing process (Askay et al., 2007). The results were obtained from questionnaire done after the treatment (Askay et al., 2007). The results from the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) showed that the patients from the experimental group exper ienced lesser pain from previous treatment than those of the control group (Askay et al., 2007). However, other evaluations did not show a significant differences in the results (Askay et al., 2007). Askay et al. (2007) concluded that SF-MPQ focused on several elements of pain rather than only on one (Askay et al., 2007). As a matter of fact, hypnosis can be a way to relieve pain. Pain experienced after surgery can also be alleviated by hypnosis. Research has shown that the pain experienced by one after surgery can be reduced by hypnosis. Oakley, D.A., Whitman, L.G., and Halligan, P.W. (2002) showed that hypnosis can relieve the pain experienced after amputation from the phantom limb. Phantom limb is the illusion of having intact limbs even after the amputation and some might even experience pain from the amputated limb and this pain perceived by one is known as Phantom limb pain, PLP (Ramachandran Hirstein, 1998). A 76 year old woman, Mrs D, had an amputation from the right leg to the knee but only felt the PLP after two years and has tried different means to lessen the pain thereafter but all to no avail (Oakley et al., 2002). After she undergone imaginative hypnotism, the pain at her ankle had entirely disappeared (Oakley et al., 2002). The hypnosis sessions she undergone related the pain to her imagination in which she saw a sculpture which was shaped by hitting with hammer (Oakley et al., 2002). She was then asked to relate the hammering to her own ankle and the pain had eventually evanished as she imagined sending the weary man away which was all along, hammering her ankle, causing all the pain (Oakley et al., 2002). Mrs D then experienced pain from her toes but this time round, hypnosis was not of a big help to relieve the pain felt at her toes (Oakley et al., 2002). Despite that, the pain that has subsided did not recurred even after three months (Oakley et al., 2002). In addition, Oakley et al. (2002) have also used the imaginary hypnotism approach on 5 other individuals and they were also reported to have felt significant decrease in the level of pain or even no pain experienced after hypnosis sessions (Oakley et al, 2002). Therefore, this experiment justify that hypnosis effectively reduces post-surgical pain. To conclude, hypnosis is capable of reducing the pain one experienced, regardless during or after surgery. As such, the field of hypnosis can be further explored to aid medical treatments to obtain surpassing medical results than before. Albeit hypnosis is proven to alleviate pain, psychology cannot be concluded as common sense as it requires to be supported by scientific research. References Askay, S. W., Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M. P., Sharar, S. R. (2007, August). A randomized  controlled trial of hypnosis for burn wound care. Rehabilitation Psychology, 52(3), 247-253. Butler, L.D., Symons, B. K., Henderson, S. L., Shortliffe, L. D., Spiegel, D. (2005, January).  Hypnosis reduces distress and duration of an invasive medical procedure for children. Pediatrics, 115(1), e77-e85. Retrieved May 31, 2014, from EBSCOHost. Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.   Coon, D. Mitterer, J. O. (2012). Introduction to Psychology: Active learning through modules  (12th ed.). China: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Keefe, F. J., Abernethy, A. P., Campbell, L. C. (2005). Psychological approaches tounderstanding and treating disease-related pain. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 601-630. Oakley, D.A., Whitman, L.G., Halligan, P.W. (2002, June). Hypnotic imagery as a treatment  for phantom limb pain: two case reports and a review. Clinical Rehabilitation, 16, 368-377. Oon, Z. H. (2008). A critical presentation of the life and work of Franz Anton Mesmer MD and its  influence on the development of hypnosis. European Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 8(1), 32-40. Ramachandran, V. S., Hirstein, W. (1998). The perception of phantom limbs: The D. O. Hebb  lecture. Brain, 121, 1603-1630. Waterfield, R. (2002). Hidden depths: The story of hypnosis. London: Macmillan   Name: Lim Su WenClass: T04Student ID: S10156753

what?? :: essays research papers

whatsz going on ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently there was a major breakthrough in scientific research – the mapping of all DNA in a human gene has been complete. A couple of years ago, this seemed to be an impossible task for scientists to accomplish. All this scientific advancement leads us to believe that the day when the human being will be cloned is not far away. Human cloning has always been an issue of controversy, be it in ethical or moral terms. This issue shakes us all to our very souls. For humans to consider the cloning of one another forces them all to question the very concepts of right and wrong. The cloning of any species, whether they are human or non-human, is ethically and morally wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently there was a major breakthrough in scientific research – the mapping of all DNA in a human gene has been complete. A couple of years ago, this seemed to be an impossible task for scientists to accomplish. All this scientific advancement leads us to believe that the day when the human being will be cloned is not far away. Human cloning has always been an issue of controversy, be it in ethical or moral terms. This issue shakes us all to our very souls. For humans to consider the cloning of one another forces them all to question the very concepts of right and wrong. The cloning of any species, whether they are human or non-human, is ethically and morally wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently there was a major breakthrough in scientific research – the mapping of all DNA in a human gene has been complete. A couple of years ago, this seemed to be an impossible task for scientists to accomplish. All this scientific advancement leads us to believe that the day when the human being will be cloned is not far away.

English will eventually become the dominant world language

English has without doubt achieved some kind of global status as many countries adopt the language they consider to be synonymous with economic success and a cosmopolitan culture. However, factors such as the increasing numbers of speakers of other languages, including in English-speaking countries, an increase in bi-lingualism and growing anti-American sentiment in some parts of the world, all indicate that English may not occupy an entirely stable position in the world.This essay explores some of the reasons why English has become so widespread and then argues that global domination of English, despite its current position as a medium of international communication, is unlikely to take place. According to Crystal, (1987, cited in Pennycook, 1994, p. 8) â€Å"English is used as an official or semi-official language in over 60 countries†¦it is the main language of books, newspapers, airports and air traffic control, international business and academic conferences, science, tech nology, medicine, sports, international competitions, pop music and advertising†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .It is the working language of ASEAN, the Asian trade group, and the official language of the European Central Bank, even though none of the member countries has English as its first language (Wallraff 2000, p. 3). The extensive economic power of the United States has also influenced many countries to view English as the â€Å"key to economic empowerment† (Guardian weekly 2000, p2). English has also become dominant because it is regarded as cosmopolitan and the way of the future.According to Cohen (2000, p. ), the dominance of American popular culture has influenced many young Europeans who aspire to the â€Å"unfettered, dynamic, creative culture of California† rather than the â€Å"rigidity† of many European societies. Volkwagon in Germany called their car the â€Å"new beetle† rather than the German equivalent neuer Kafer because advertisers believed it sounded more â€Å"hip†. Similarly in Asia, English is associated with the glamour of block-buster movies and the pop industry. However, despite these factors English is unlikely to dominate the world.English speakers are still the minority of the world's population with 372 million speakers, well behind Chinese languages which have 1,113 million speakers (Wallraff, 2000 p. 5). Within fifty years English is likely to lose even second place to the South Asian linguistic group which includes the Hindi and Urdu languages. Spanish and Arabic will also become as common as English. There are also increasing numbers of bilingual and multilingual speakers, even within English-speaking countries.Currently about one in seven American citizens prefers to speak a language other than English at home, including 2. 4 million Chinese speakers. (Wallraff 2000, p. 3). This suggests that the future of other languages is guaranteed despite the popularity of English. Another reason why English will neve r dominate is because of a growing anti-American sentiment. Wallraff (2000, p. 5) suggests that there may be â€Å"†¦a backlash against American values and culture† and that this could lead to a resistance to learn the language of the United Sates.In post-September 11 times this seems a very real possibility. In Europe France and Germany have also held a conference focused on defending Franco-German culture against the cultural pull of America (Cohen 1998, p. 2). Afrikaaners in South Africa are also leading a passionate fight to gain equality with English as are many other indigenous languages (Alexander 2000, p. 2). Still further reasons that may prevent a world take-over by English include political, economic and technological factors.Political factors include the potential formation of new alliances between non-English speaking countries and the probable rise of regional trading blocks in Asia and the Middle-East. It is also possible â€Å"that world-changing technol ogy could arise out of a nation where English is little spoken† (Wallraff 2000, p. 4). This could tip the scales away from English to the use of another language. Finally, in a world of rapid technological change and increasing political instability it is difficult to predict what the future may hold.Although English has enjoyed a period of great expansion as a language of international communication, it is unlikely it will eventually dominate the world. The sheer numbers of non-English speakers, the potential of new political trading partnerships or new technological developments as well as the possibility of a rejection of the â€Å"cultural imperialism† of the West may in fact contribute to a decline in the spread of English. Perhaps English speakers should be a little less complacent about learning other languages themselves.

Harper Lee’s Influence on Scout

Harper Lee grew up in Monroeville, Alabama where girls were expected to be ladies, Harper Lee was just the opposite, a tomboy, and she wrote her famous novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† based upon her childhood experiences. Harper Lee made her main character Scout to be very similar to her. Harper Lee created the town of Maycomb with features almost exactly like Monroeville. Harper Lee based Scout’s father Atticus after her own father Amasa Coleman Lee. Harper Lee based her book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† about her own childhood because she thought an author should write what he knows. Harper Lee was a strong early reader and similarly so was Scout. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an avid reader, similar to Scout's own ability to read before starting school. † (To Kill a Mockingbird). Another thing that both Scout and Harper Lee had in common was they were both tom boy rule breakers. â€Å"As a child, Harper Lee was an unruly tomboy. She fought on the playground. She talked back to teachers. She was bored with school and resisted any sort of conformity† (The Big Read). Just the same Scout fought with Cecil and Francis. Both Harper Lee and Scout live in a town’s that are very representative of each other. The town of Maycomb is very much so based upon Lee’s home town of Monroeville. â€Å"The town of Maycomb is modeled after Lee's own home town. The schoolyard in the novel is the same one Lee played in as a child. And the Maycomb courtroom is the Monroeville courtroom down to the last detail. She patterned her characters' speech after the Southern dialect she grew up with. She also looked to the citizens of Monroeville when setting up her cast of characters. (Reading about race and membership in America). The childhood best friends Dill and Truman were the neighbors of Scout and Harper Lee. Harper Lee’s good friend and neighbor growing up was a boy named Truman Capote whom Lee based Dill, the best friend and neighbor of Scout. â€Å"Dill, for example, is patterned after one of her childhood friends, Truman Capote† (Reading about race and membership in America). Another c haracter Lee based off of her childhood was her father, creating Atticus Finch. The character Atticus Finch is a representation of Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee. Both men were lawyers who represented black men, and lost their cases unfairly due to race. Harper Lee’s father represented two men accused of murder, he lost the case and both clients were killed. â€Å"He once defended two black men accused of murdering a white storekeeper. Both clients, a father and son, were hanged. † (The Big Read). Harper Lee based her novel around her life, there are many similarities found within her book that are directly related to her life. Upon the thoughts that an author should base his writings upon what he know, Harper Lee based her novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† loosely around her childhood. Harper Lee created the character Scout with many features to resemble herself as a child. The town of Maycomb was created by Harper Lee as an almost exact replica of her hometown, Monroeville Alabama. Atticus Finch was created to resemble Harper Lee’s father Amasa Coleman Lee and the two have many similarities. Harper Lee only created this one book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† she never expected to get this much attention for her works.